Tobaccowatch.org. United Kingdom – JTI believes tobacco tax increase lead to moretobacco smuggling.. [Internet]. Snus News & Other Tobacco Products. [cited Jan 19, 2018]. Available from: http://snus-news.blogspot.com/2010/03/united-kingdom-jti-believes-tobacco-tax.html
Source: BATA. Serious unintended consequences start 1 December [Internet]. British American Tobacco Australia; 2012 [cited Jan 18 2018]. Available from: http://www.bata.com.au/group/sites/bat_9rnflh.nsf/vwPagesWebLive/DOA3CLZ9/%24FILE/medMD8X73N7.pdf?openelement
真相
在澳大利亚推行普通/标准化包装后,非法卷烟的使用未见增加。
参考文献
BATA. Serious unintended consequences start 1 December [Internet]. British American Tobacco Australia; 2012 [cited Jan 18 2018]. Available from: http://www.bata.com.au/group/sites/bat_9rnflh.nsf/vwPagesWebLive/DOA3CLZ9/%24FILE/medMD8X73N7.pdf?openelement
证据:非法贸易没有增加
2012 年实施普通/标准化包装之前
2012 年实施普通/标准化包装
2014 年实施普通/标准化包装之后
无品牌非法烟草使用在吸烟者中的流行率
3.7%
3.5%
3.0%
参考文献
Scollo M, et al. Tob Control 2015;24:ii76-ii81. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-052072
Altria Client Services on behalf of PM USA. Countervailing Effects of a Potential Ban on Menthol Cigarettes [accessed Jan 18, 2018] http://www.altria.com/About-Altria/Federal-Regulation-of-Tobacco/Regulatory-Filing/FDAFilings/Countervailing-Effects-of-a-Potential-Ban-on-Menthol-Cigarettes.pdf
Philip Morris International. Annual Meeting of Stockholders [Internet]. New York, NY; 2010 May [cited Jan 18, 2018]. Available from: http://phx.corporate-ir.net/External.File?item=UGFyZW50SUQ9NDU4NDB8Q2hpbGRJRD0tMXxUeXBlPTM=&t=1
证据:非法卷烟贸易没有增加
Percentage of illicit packs in a survey of packs in smokers’ possession
年
2009 年(禁令发布前)
2010 年(禁令已发布)
2011 年(禁令已发布)
Illegal packs
16%
15%
15%
参考文献
Irish Tax and Customs. Cigarette Consumption Surveys 2011 [Internet]. Irish Tax and Customs; 2011 [cited Jan 18, 2018]. Available from: https://www.revenue.ie/en/corporate/documents/research/cigarette-consumption-survey-2011.pdf
Pack size restrictions
The industry says
“The EU’s decision to ban 10s … is a gift for criminal gangs”
– Japan Tobacco International, 2014
The Truth
While in the mid-2000s more than 15% of all cigarettes smoked in Finland were sold in packs of less than 20 sticks, these packs were banned in 2008. As indicated by seizure data, there is no sign that the ban was followed by an increase in illicit cigarette trade.
参考文献
Japan Tobacco International. Take a stand against Illegal Tobacco [cited Jan 18, 2018]. Available from: https://www.jti.com/sites/default/files/pdf/UK_Take_a_stand_against_Illegal_Tobacco-1.pdf
年
2008(禁令发布前)
2009 禁令已发布)
2010 禁令已发布)
芬兰海关没收的违禁卷烟数量(以百万支计)
18
16
10
参考文献
Ahti Pylkkänen. Response to the request for public information by Michal Stoklosa. Helsinki, Finland: Crime Intelligence; 2013 Oct. Method: Estimates based on a survey of representative sample of Finns, includes contraband cigarettes as well as cigarettes brought in for personal use within allowed limits.
夸大的范围
烟草行业对非法卷烟贸易的估计与独立调查的估计
Industry-commissioned studies of illicit cigarette trade tend to overestimate the scope of the problem